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Abstract. What is the growth rate of population that maximizes fatalities from the terrorist incidents? This is a fundamental problem in studies of terrorism and political violence. The paper confronts this question here by analyzing demographic and socioeconomic factors causing and sustaining terrorism in society. Firstly, the present study suggests non-linear effects between confirmed fatalities for terrorist incident and rates of growth of population. Secondly, empirical analyzes and optimization reveal that a growth rate of population of about 3.6% maximizes the lethality due to terrorist incidents in society. This high growth rate of population associated with terrorism is in some problematic regions such as Iraq, Mali, Sudan, etc. Overall, then, the ethnicity and/or religion are illusory causes of terrorism, because they are not an environmental stressor per se. Instead, a distal cause of terrorism may be a critical demographic mass and high population growth that, in combination with socioeconomic issues and political instability, can induce terrorism as a result. Finally, some socioeconomic policies are suggested to enhance conditions of people to reduce this social issue over the long run.Keywords. Terrorism, Population, Demographic factors, Neo-Malthusian approaches, Population growth, Income inequality, Human development index, Political stability.JEL. I24, I30, J10, N30, R23, Q56, Z10.

The relationship between population growth and economic growth is controversial. This article draws on historical data to chart the links between population growth, growth in per capita output, and overall economic growth over the past 200 years. Low population growth in high-income countries is likely to create social and economic problems while high population growth in low-income countries may slow their development. International migration could help to adjust these imbalances but is opposed by many. Drawing on economic analyses of inequality, it appears that lower population growth and limited migration may contribute to increased national and global economic inequality.

This paper examines the link between population and per capita economic growth in Uganda. After showing that Uganda has one of the highest population growth rates in the world which, due to the inherent demographic momentum, will persist for some time to come, it then considers the impact of population growth on per capita economic growth. It finds that both theoretical considerations as well as strong empirical evidence suggest that the currently high population growth puts a considerable break on per capita growth prospects in Uganda. Moreover, it contributes significantly to low achievements in education, health, and poverty reduction and will make improvements in these areas very difficult. It may also be an important factor in the increase of inequality. If Uganda began a period of sustained fertility decline, the estimates reviewed here would suggest that this could boost medium term percapita growth rates by between 0.5-0.6 percentage points per year; considering the favourableage structure dynamics such a fertility decline would generate, per capita growth couldincrease by between 1.5 and 3 percentage points. It could also significantly contribute to improvements in poverty, inequality, education, and health outcomes. The note emphasizes the importance of a concerted effort to promote female education (including progression, completion, and secondary education), female formal sector employment, investments in reproductive and child health as well as family planning services, and government political leadership to promote smaller families.

This paper attempts to discuss the link between population growth, peasant agrarian economy and environmental degradation in Tanzania. It argues that high population growth and economic backwardness are dependent variables which contribute significantly to rapid resource depletion, and hence to environmental degradation. In other words, peasant agrarian economic conditions stimulate the demand for larger families which leads to high population growth in turn. A change in one of these variables will necessarily lead to changes in the other, and both of them have an impact on the environment. The conclusion drawn is that attempts to reduce population growth need to be linked to the war against poverty and environmental degradation. Efforts should be directed to changing traditional ways of life by eliminating poverty and improving the means of production in the rural areas. Such efforts will ease the demand for children and reduce fertility levels in the long run.